Diarrhea Diseases | Immunization Coverage 2024 | Treatment

Diarrhea Diseases 

Diarrhea Diseases is a loose or watery stool. It’s so common that most people cower when they hear the word. The thought of a thin, weak-looking poo in the toilet bowl never gets out of my head, so I don’t feel unhappy.

If you have diarrhea, not knowing what causes it or how long it will last only adds stress on top of all the unpleasant feelings. Normal water content in stools is approximately 10 mL/kg/day in infants and young children or 200 g/day in teenagers and adults.

Diarrhea is the augmentation of water content in feces due to an imbalance in the normal functioning of physiologic processes of small and large intestines and issues in the absorption of different ions, other substrates, and consequently, water.

Acute diarrhea is the onset of 3 or more loose or watery stools a day for a constant 14 days or less. However, chronic or persistent diarrhea is marked when an episode lasts beyond 14 days. Infections commonly cause acute diarrhea. Noninfectious etiologies become more common as the period of diarrhea becomes chronic.

Diarrhea Disease distinction is important because treatment and management are based on the duration and specific etiology. Rehydration therapy forms the backbone of the management of diarrhea in any patient. Preventive infectious diarrhea is achieved by proper hygiene to prevent infection spread.

The term “acute gastroenteritis” is used synonymously with “acute diarrhea”; however, the former is a misnomer. The term gastroenteritis implies involvement of both the gastric as well as the small intestine. In practice, however, it does occur occasionally in acute diarrheal diseases, although it is an infective diarrheal disease.

Diarrhea Diseases Categories 

Osmotic Diarrhea

Absorption of water into the intestines is dependent on the effective absorption of solutes, which is impaired if there are various solutes in the intestinal lumen and hence causes diarrhea. Even though the inability to absorb specific carbohydrates is the most common form of malabsorption, there are other forms of malabsorption.

Another dominant form of malabsorption both in animals and humans is lactose intolerance. This is due to the lack of the enzyme lactase in the brush border of a person. It is the enzyme that inhibits the breakdown of lactose into simpler carbohydrates known as glucose and galactose.

Secretory Diarrhea

Diarrhea Diseases gastrointestinal tract, a lot of water is secreted into the small intestine lumen, but a large portion of it gets absorbed before reaching the large intestine. Diarrhea results from excess water secretion in the intestine surpassing its absorption. Cholera resulting from Vibrio cholerae generates toxins that result in excessive water secretion in the intestine and subsequently cause diarrhea.

Inflammatory Diarrhea

The digestive tract has an epithelium, which is covered by a barrier. The intruding influence of microbial and viral pathogens may break the barrier, causing diarrhea. When the epithelium is dislocated, serum and blood are released into the intestine, resulting from the extensive destruction of the epithelium. Some of the germs associated with inflammatory or infectious diarrhea include Bacteria: Salmonella, E. coli, or Campylobacter Viruses rotaviruses, coronaviruses, parvoviruses, canine and feline, or noroviruses Protozoa: Coccidia species, Cryptosporidium, or Giardia

Motility-related Diarrhea

Nutrients and water are effectively absorbed if they get adequate exposure to the intestinal epithelium and remain in the intestine for adequate transit time. Any situation that increases transit time could lead to diarrhea, even if the absorption isn’t affected much.

Diarrhea Diseases Causes

The primary reason for diarrhea is a virus that invades your intestine. Some people call it the “stomach flu” or “stomach bug.” However, diarrhea can be triggered by many other reasons.

Infections

The pathogens viruses, bacteria, and parasites all can cause infections that result in diarrhea. The norovirus is the most common cause of diarrhea in adults, causing gastroenteritis. Rotavirus is the most common reason of acute diarrhea in children.

Food poisoning

Diarrhea Diseases ingest harmful toxins and germs from contaminated food or drinks. When you digest them inside your gut, the toxins or germs can be the cause of diarrhea. Traveler’s diarrhea is when you get diarrhea while traveling in a new environment with poor cleanliness or sanitation.

Diarrhea is a frequent medication side effect. For example, antibiotics will kill bad bacteria that are infecting you but may also kill some of the good bacteria at the same time. Without sufficient good bacteria in your digestive system, you may get diarrhea.

Diarrhea Disease is a side effect of antacids that contain magnesium and many other medications and treatments for cancer. Foods disrupt the digestive system. If you are lactose intolerant, you become diarrheal due to your body’s inability to digest lactose, the sugar in dairy.

Many people have a hard time digesting fructose, a sugar in honey and fruits that’s added as a sweetener in many foods. With celiac disease, you become diarrheal due to your body’s inability to break down gluten, a protein in wheat.

Diarrhea Diseases Symptoms

Severe diarrhea can be a sign of a medical emergency, such as a life-threatening infection, which will not improve without medical attention. Call a provider if you’re experiencing dehydration symptoms or if you notice signs of dehydration in your child.

Conclusion

Diarrhea Disease is the third leading cause of death in children. The diarrhea disease is preventable and treatable. A large portion of diarrheal disease can be prevented with safe drinking water and adequate sanitation and hygiene. Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of malnutrition in children aged five years.
Diarrheic is typically a sign of an infection of the intestinal tract.

which might result from various types of bacterial, viral, and parasitic causes. Infection is through contaminated food or drinking water or as a cause of poor hygiene from person to person. Interventions to prevent diarrhea, such as having safe drinking water, proper use of improved sanitation, and hand washing with soap, can decrease the risk of the disease. Diarrhea should be treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is a remedy using clean water, sugar, and salt.